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4. America (North)

4.0 Introduction

This regional overview covers Canada and the United States of America. The approach to wastewater and stormwater management in this region is rooted on the European experience, but has developed in a different way to Europe and has its own distinctive characteristics. A significant contribution to the literature on this subject written in English has come from this region. What we understand to be modern practices has been associated with this region. The literature cited in this regional overview, particularly the manuals on technical design and practice, should therefore be referred to if readers wish to obtain further details on the subject.

In recent times as some of the wastewater and stormwater infrastructure has aged and needed replacement or considerable maintenance, some thought has been given to a shift of approach with regard to what can be considered environmentally sustainable way of managing wastewater and stormwater.

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